The evolution of electricity prices is problematic. The concern is to understand its issues and even more broadly to establish a better perspective as normative as positive or understand the market in its current state and perceive the market as it should be.
In France the issue is more complex. Besides being the "initiator" of a "deregulation" of the market at European level, France has a nuclear power as fossil energy production accounts for only 10% of electricity, where the average EU approach 60%. One might wonder if this feature is positive or negative for the country. At first glance it would advance that this is an advantage. Fossil energy has risen considerably in recent years, both have a nuclear power should help overcome rising prices. Or at the first second we see that this is nothing: France suffers many changes in prices than its neighbors or other members of the EU.
It becomes necessary to return to the source of the problem. The portion of a public monopoly to a deregulated and competitive market is it effective? Is this a possibility or a dream aborted? To make it more efficient satisfaction of demand, we must liberalize prices? More control? Encourage competition? Very broadly, should we privatize or nationalize?
Since the 2000s the electricity is at the heart of many debates but especially economic policies. The Act of February 10, 2000 introduced new producers, a market Wholesale and Stock Exchange (POWERNEXT). Network Transfer of Electricity (TEN) is an independent subsidiary of EDF, while the price of electricity deregulation sets for consumers and professionals soon after for all French companies (retail market in 2004) . In 2007 domestic consumers can use the free market with the possibility temporary (law dating from 2006) to return to regulated tariffs but increased, especially if the consumer has a high elasticity at higher prices on the open market. The latest breakthrough in electricity French is finally called partial privatization of EDF at 13%. So why is it so complicated? These reforms are not useless but must cope with a peculiarity of the electricity sector: production due to an excessive concentration, in addition EDF alone produces 90% of the offer. We could then drop the principle of subsidiarity and back across the EU. It was already the case, the early reforms in the 2000s as in 2001, EDF must provide a nuclear production limited time at a price close to marginal cost. This is what called a "transfer of nuclear virtual" Auction. Grosso modo this is a rental of production capacity for EU member countries can not bear the fixed costs required. Hence a new question: the electricity sector is still set on high fixed costs?
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