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The Pick and 76 other drugs under supervision


Following recent scandals Picks and Buflomedil, Agency for Sanitary Safety of Health Products (AFSSAPS ) has published the Government's request, the list of medicines called "supervised" .

A total of 77 drugs were identified as monitor by AFSSAPS which also publishes their list on its website (link to AFSSAPS) .
With this publication, new drugs could find themselves out of the market in the coming weeks ... to be continued.

the Press of Adafec (http://adafec.blogspot.com)

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Salon des Entrepreneurs (Paris 2011): Accounting for the program

Designed for business leaders, entrepreneurs, project ... the business fair will be held in Paris 2 and 3 February 2011.

The program of lounge, business appointments, conferences, workshops, offices, boards, space franchise ... but also the presence of government officials (Xavier Bertrand, Frederic Lefebvre), business leaders (Alain Afflelou Charles Beigbeder, Marc Simoncini, Xavier Niel, Pierre Kosciusko-Morizet ...) and many others (OSEO, Ernst and Young, College of accountants ...).

1. Some workshops offered

• Keys to contractor-investor capital
• How to finance your project innovative?
• Who are the actors and resources available from 2011 for your company innovative?
• ISP France Investment: Funding and support for growth companies
• How to benefit from new funding for innovation?
• Business Angels: manual
• Industrial Property: The 5 good reflexes creator
• SME growth: why and how to recruit young university graduates?
• CIR, JEI: instructions
• The pre-diagnosis of industrial property: for whom? Why?
• Innovative Company : How to strengthen its cash position and increase its development capacity?
• Patents, trademarks, industrial designs: how to protect and enhance your innovations?
• From project to the company: how to begin his capital?
• actors Regional Innovation
• International: why go into a cluster?
• Do you need support for innovation? Panorama and feedbacks

2. Conference program

• Innovate, become a social entrepreneur !
• What are the strategies put in place to win new market share?
• Retirement: How New Deal for entrepreneurs in 2011?
• Who are these new entrepreneurs scrambling codes?
• Young and contractors: they did, why would not you?
• Franchise and related business - Their ideas have been around the world!
• How to benefit from new funding for innovation? All news
• fiscal 2011 to service your business and your wealth!
• Golden Rules to start a business and move survive the critical first 3 years
• How to become an entrepreneur by the recovery and accelerate development of its business?
• Tackle in streams green!

3. To learn more and register

www.salondesentrepreneurs.com

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Authority and Competition Policy: Trends and Challenges

The evolution of the discipline has been evident these last thirty years. Oligopolistic theories to those taking into account informational constraints, progress has also involved the analysis methodologies competitive markets by taking into account the strategic relationship between private agents, companies or authorities responsible for these economic policies.

The vision is mostly positive, what role assigned to competition policy and the competition authority? If the distinction does not seem so obvious, is still necessary to separate the concepts. Also competition policy aims at maximizing a criterion (the rest) after observing the behavior of firms. A double objective function optimization and its neutrality, which he must exercise. This last feature is the focal point with the authority that exercises: one speaks of IAA independent administrative authority. This competition is linked to that specializes in anti-competitive practices, control of concentrations and should promote competition in a market or minimize distortions caused by markets with a small number of suppliers.

progress made, especially considering the informational imperfection which the models were shown since the early work on oligopolistic markets, have the authority to link the practice of politics. Also the authority will exercise its mission when the asymmetry with the officer subject to a policy will be as transparent as possible. The strategic interaction becomes a common thread of the new analysis, roughly authority competition becomes an actor in his own studies.

Her mission becomes broader. It's not just to regulate certain markets, but to encourage businesses to either meet the requirements of competition policy or to avoid the introduction of an intervention on the market. In addition to the competition authority has a lot more tools and instruments 20 years ago.

For example, Farrell (2003) tested the relative effectiveness of the instruments. It shows that in the case of an approval under condition (contract clauses limited asset sales), the means do not accomplish the purpose, and can even cause the opposite. The sale of assets may encourage collusion where a very small number of companies determine prices and quantities proposed to limit the attractiveness of their competitive market. For example, if two companies merge calls into question the competitive market and the authority may consider whether any other merger was not established in that market while non-competitive situation persists. Therefore encourage more companies to focus can help the consumer surplus. The effect is beneficial unless these levels are responding to collusion. Consumer surplus will then return to a level less than or equal to that ex-ante to the policy.

To these structural impacts can be countered by those more or less cyclically volatile. Contract clauses can cause a limited change in corporate behavior, easily controlled by the authority.

a more concrete example is the incentive of self-selection. The article Cosnita (2006) showed that two menus may be offered to a company. The latter shall submit a draft the IAA competition. It decides whether to validate the file by its compliance with the competitive demands of the organization or to reject it. In the first case, the authority will submit plans incentives to the company (proving it does not, in the eyes of authority, pledge to reverse the effects of policy). In the second case, no incentives are given and the project company fails. It is concluded that the phenomenon of self-selection can influence the interactions between competition authority and business strategies.

Other solutions have been suggested and led to concrete measures (Act New Economic Regulations of 2001 in France). In the case of high asymmetric information, see a cartel is not easy for the IAA. Encourage a business cartel to denounce others can be beneficial to consumer surplus. Then the company is rewarded by a whistleblower immunity to sanctions by authority or compensation. Spagnolo (2007) proposes to donate all the fines paid by companies complained immune to that. Therefore effective cartels are abolished, and those potentials are discouraged.

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PST and the CIR (IFRS ANC)

Accounting Standards Authority (ANC) has confirmed its position for the accounting records of the Territorial Economic Contribution (TEC) and Research Tax Credit (RIC) *:

1) Accounting for CET

The Economic Contribution Region or PST (which replaces the Business Tax / PT and is composed of CFE and the CVAE) is a tax to expense operating either in the accounts or consolidated accounts prepared in accordance with French regulations (see Regulations 99-02).

However, for accounts prepared under IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards), the accounting treatment of the ETC may be different (see IAS 12):

• land tax enterprise (CFE) is recognized in operating expense as was the business tax (so no distortion with the French accounting rules),
• contribution of value-added enterprises (CVAE), being based on the value-added the company to decide, given his situation, interpreting accounting policy. It may decide to treat CVAE as a tax on profits. If this happens, a deferred tax resulting from temporary differences on assets and liabilities of the balance sheet should be recorded.

2) Accounting CIR

The Research Tax Credit or ITC should be recorded in individual accounts (accounts) decreasing load of IS thus a subdivision of account 699 "Revenue-Tax credit for research."
But the ANC does not specify the accounting treatment to be used for the CIR in the consolidated financial statements prepared under French GAAP (see Regulations 99-02) ... thus leaving the question open.

Under IFRS, the research tax credit is considered a public subsidy therefore recognized as revenue (see IAS 20).


(*): See "Progress of the work group" Taxes and similar payments " January 2011 available on the website of the ANC ( www.anc.gouv.fr).

See also:

• "Young Innovative Companies (YIC) status and tax and social benefits"
• "The CET in Brief: declaration, amount, payment, rebates, exemption"
• Research and Innovation (CIR, JEI): updates to the Finance Act 2011 "

the Press of Adafec (http://adafec . blogspot.com)

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The best press photos of 2010 Reuters

Each year photographers from Reuters perform more than 500,000 photographs.
The website has selected 150 of Reuters clicked the most influential or the most unusual of 2010 ... Of these 150, we selected the 12 photographs that follow:

Barack Obama's speech in the pouring rain in Elwood (Illinois, May 31, 2010)	A woman eating spaghetti on a bridge over a canal full of garbage (Port-au-Prince, Haiti, November 20, 2010)
supply trucks for NATO troops in fire along a road (Pakistan, October 7, 2010)	The crew of the station (ISS) are preparing for a meeting test (Moscow, September 15, 2010)
The smile of a minor (Manica province near the border of Zimbabwe, May 18, 2010)	Screening of "Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge" Maratha Mandir theater in Mumbai (India, July 11, 2010)
A dolphin swims inside a wave in Durban (Africa South, May 2, 2010)	Prayer of Pope Benedict XVI (St Peter's Square at the Vatican, June 2, 2010)
The ash cloud from the famous volcano Icelandic Eyjafjallajokull (April 22, 2010)	Two British passengers seated their suitcase (Santurce, Basque Country, April 21, 2010)
A dog sitting in the front of a car (Muiden, Netherlands, January 17, 2010)	A firefighter in a fire Lagos, Nigeria (February 2, 2010)

(c) Photographs from Reuters ( link to discover the 150 photographs selected by Reuters )

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What price for electricity? (3 / 3)

The duration of nuclear marginality can be estimated by time. For example it is assumed that nuclear power is an optimal duration of marginal nuclear 30%. Stated a different way this park is to lower demand and potential supply up 30% of the time. Production capacity is sufficient then. The 70% of the time remaining consistent with the use of other techniques to compensate for the lack Production of electricity by nuclear power. The interest here is that 70% of time sufficient to cover fixed costs (fixed as capacity "nuclear" are then not used) of nuclear power during the period of optimal marginality of other production techniques. This means that heat determines the marginal cost price sufficient to repay the fixed costs. We can then distinguish two types of annuities.

The first is the scarcity rent and corresponds to a situation where nuclear power is not the optimum duration marginality of nuclear power can then be lower or higher than the optimal length. This may be permanent or temporary if the adjustment between supply and demand requires a certain period. We offer two cases.

example higher fossil fuel prices will raise the offer. In period t, demand will decrease and thus the duration of marginality of nuclear power will increase. Offer does not fit, the duration of marginality remains the same at time t-1. In addition producers do not adjust their production process to fluctuations application which enables them to reach a so-called additional pension on retirement.

Another example, if demand increases while the duration of marginality nuclear power will decrease (production capacity not enough). If nuclear capacity remains unchanged then the scarcity rent is the length of marginality means additional heat (which replaces the time difference between the nuclear period t-1 and t ...).

To generalize results in a scarcity rent when the duration of marginality of nuclear is less than the optimal duration of marginal nuclear.

The second is that existing annuity monopoly or oligopoly. If the duration of marginality nuclear corresponds to a price above its marginal cost (due to weak competition) then it is in this second situation.

However, we can have a scarcity rents and monopoly rents. The changes in demand may increase or decrease the duration of optimal marginality of nuclear power. Depending on the degree of competition established in the market, prices may be higher marginal cost. The most difficult situation (or even extreme!) For consumers is an increase of fossil fuels before a period of marginality constant over all periods accompanied by a premium price above marginal cost.

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Fracture a promise of employment: the consequences

The Supreme Court has decided that breaking a promise letter worth hiring e (and not just a promise of employment) was a dismissal without cause real and serious (see Case No. 08-42951 of the Court of Cassation of 15 December 2010).

In this case the employer had suggested to Mr. X. .. to initiate, not later than October 1, 2006, as deputy director through a monthly fee of 7,600 euros on thirteen months with the benefit Vehicle service and support for his moving expenses and accommodation during the first month of its installation.
By letter dated August 9, 2006, the company had decided not to proceed with its proposal without even the trial period has begun. Considering they have been dismissed without cause real and serious, the Mr. X before the industrial tribunal.

The Court of Cassation considered that the proposal had been made was a promise of employment therefore akin to an employment contract (And a job offer) because it stated: salary, nature of employment, working conditions, the date of taking office ...
However, breaking a promise of employment may made (earlier) than during the trial period, which was not the case here because it occurred before.
In this situation, the employer is liable (and found himself condemned) to pay compensation in lieu of notice or payment for non-compliance with the procedure of dismissal and compensation for unfair dismissal.

Judgement of 15 December 2010 highlights the difference between a job offer and job offer.
Remember that to be considered such a proposal employment must submit a character or the eventu be conditional and subject to acceptance by both parties. An eventual withdrawal then assimilated to a simple breakdown of negotiations and therefore can not give rise to claims for damages (see Case No. 72-40731 of the Court of Cassation of October 17, 1973).

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The market for comics in France in 2010 and best-selling albums and SASU

A few days of the 38th International Festival of Comics of Angouleme, the GFK Institute ( www.gfk.com ) published a report on the market for comics in 2010 with the following main information to remember.


1. The market for comics (France 2010)

More than 39 million comics were sold in France in 2010 which represents a total turnover 400 million euros. According to GFK
, the French market in 2010, rose slightly in value (cumulative sales +3.0%), while in volume has decreased slightly to -0.9%). It is therefore a price effect, which has increased sales in value (increase the average price of albums).
At the number of albums sold, while crumbling manga comics adult (excluding youth) are progressing.


2. The best-selling albums in France (in volume) over 2010

Standings best-selling comics (top 10)

Unsurprisingly, albums remain the best-selling series although GFK noted an increase in album "one shot". The last two albums in the series "Blake and Mortimer" are among the best-selling comics and J. Van Hamme up three comics in this classification.


4

No.	Titles Authors			Publishers
1	Joe Bar Team Volume 7 "Joe Bar Team 7"		H. Jenfevre	Wind West
2	Blake and Mortimer Volume 20 "The Curse of the Thirty Deniers 2"		J. Van Hamme	Blake and Mortimer
3	Largo Winch Volume 17 "Black Sea"		J. Van Hamme	Dupuis
	The Adventures of Lucky Luke by Morris Volume 4 "Lucky Luke Contre Pinkerton"		Achdé	Lucky Comics
5	Blacksad Volume 4 "Hell, Silence"		J. Diaz Canales	Dargaud
6	Passengers of the Wind Volume 7 "La Petite Fille Bois-Caiman"		F. Bud	12 Bis
7	Cat Volume 16 "The Cat Act XVI		P. Geluck	Casterman
8	Blake and Mortimer Volume 19 "The Curse of the Thirty Coins 1"		J. Van Hamme	Blake and Mortimer
9	Thorgal Volume 32 "The Battle of Asgard"		G. Rosinski	The Lombard
10	The Bidochon Volume 20 "The Bidochon do not stop progress"		C. Binet	Fluide Glacial

Ranking the best-selling series (top 10)

In terms of sales of series (still in volume), the ranking of 2010 is as follows :

1. Naruto
One Piece
3. The Simpsons Tintin
5. Fairy Tail
6. Blake and Mortimer
7. Dragon Ball
8. Asterix
9. Largo Winch
10. The Legendary

3. The festival of Angoulême in 2011

The 38th International Festival of Cartoon Angoulême (Charente) will be held from 27 to 31 January 2011.

58 albums have been included in the official selection. Several awards will be presented: the price of the Series, the price of Audacity, the price World View, Inter-generational Price, Special Price, the price FNAC SNCF, Beast Golden ...

For more information: www.bdangouleme.com

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What price for electricity? (2 / 3)

The electricity sector is still set on high fixed costs?

Not always. The distinction to be made depends on demand. If it is temporary and very important structure to high marginal cost but low fixed cost (relatively speaking) will be preferred. In contrast to fluctuating demand fixed costs will be higher while the lower marginal costs. The costs depend on matching supply to demand. In addition to the price of electricity depends not over the offer and that the technological structure of its own demand.

A second important factor and the impact on the environment. Legal constraints (norms but above all pollution permits) submit new constraints on technology choice, such as taxation on greenhouse gas emissions.

These two indicators should define an optimal nuclear power, that is the most effective structure if not the most efficient manner possible. It will therefore be held against the internal and external demand and capacity for interconnection with other countries. Generally the structure of French nuclear parks are equipped with high fixed costs which makes this competitive sector of the economy. Report on electricity prices of the General Mining and Finance Inspection (2004) shows that as the duration of capacity utilization production remains above 57% the average cost of generating facilities makes better French nuclear technology as less expensive than its alternatives for semi-base or spikes (coal-fired, combined cycle gas turbines, gas combustion, Burning fuel oil).

But then what price fixed, and especially should we fix it? Not necessarily. A first observation is that electricity from nuclear power is a first appeal with the technologies of semi-basic, that is to say that if demand exceeds supply from nuclear methods so we use technology semi -base. If this latter possibility can not meet demand data so we use advanced technology but the price is much higher than before. We therefore concluded that the competitive market price may be established so that it equals the marginal cost. If the price is below marginal cost, so there is no incentive to offer. If the price is above marginal cost supply would soon exceed demand, so a price close to marginal cost is the most profitable for each party. So everything depends on the substitution of one technology to another. Fixed costs Important nuclear should allow lower marginal costs and hence prices less elastic to changes in demand. In contrast, advanced technologies are equipped with very high marginal costs so excessive that a shortage in supply will lead inexorably to a sharp increase in price (from about 7 to 30 euros per megawatt hour). The level of supply will inevitably depend on the number of competitors due to the longevity of the period of marginalization of nuclear market in particular. One major obstacle remains the risk associated with private investment in production structure as nuclear. Many incentive mechanisms should be established for a market closer to the best of a situation of perfect competition. In our analysis we excluded the barriers to entry, but they can not depend on a competitor's more advanced than his own potential competitors but depend on the sum to invest to establish a production system adequate. The establishment of a consortium of such contracts or long-termist to disperse and reduce the risk is solutions. Finland has been used in recent years. To conclude, a marginal cost pricing is efficient in allocating resources and whether a market close to a situation of CPC is possible to run it requires public regulation incentive temporary nature.

Our discussion focused on the establishment of a more competitive market and meet fluctuating demand. We only considered the need to set a price at marginal cost as fixed costs are often high, no longer pose a barrier to free entry into the electricity market. Yet the reality is once again much more complex because of the scarcity rents and monopoly co-exist, what will be discussed in our third and final ticket.

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EURL: abolition of the requirement to prepare a management report

Following the publication of Decree No. 2011-55 of 13 January 2011, the establishment a management report for EURL and SASU no longer mandatory.

Now, companies unipersonal Limited (EURL) and the Corporations simplified single shareholder (SASU) in which the shareholder, natural person, assumed direct management or the chair can be provided to establish the MD (see Article L. 232 - 1 of the Code of Commerce) provided they do not exceed, at the close of a financial year, two of three following thresholds:

• 1,000,000 euros of total assets,
• 2,000,000 euros in sales revenues excluding taxes
• 20 employees.

Therefore, only the annual accounts (balance sheet, income statement and annex) and decisions the shareholder are to be deposited each year in the court of commerce.

See also: "Waiver of MD for some SAS and SARL"

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Wines of Bordeaux: a record price for the acquisition of a castle Judgments

Castle Les Carmes Haut-Brion (Pessac-Leognan) has been bought by property developer Patrick Jug for a record $ 18 million.

The transaction includes the castle, park of 3 hectares and 4.7 hectares of vines.

This is a record price for a great terroir of Bordeaux since, minus the castle and its park, the price per hectare of vines surpasses 2.5 million euros, 2-3 times the average price per hectare found in prestigious appellations like Pomerol, Margaux, St. Julien, Pauillac and St. Estephe.

addition to this exceptional price, the Chateau Les Carmes Haut-Brion has a second characteristic: it is the only winery to spread over the communes of Bordeaux, Merignac and Pessac.

With this operation, the group Pitcher (800 employees, turnover 300 million euros) is diversifying into a transaction and prestige.

See also articles:

• "Wine: the symbol of the myths of Pauillac (Latour, Lafite Rothschild, Mouton Rothschild)"
• "Bordeaux futures: the final price of the 2009 vintage (Latour, Petrus ...) "
• " Wine: Robert Parker and the myths of the Rhone "

the Press of Adafec (http://adafec.blogspot.com )