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For a European political life

In their contribution to the Schuman Report on Europe, " The State of the Union 2010 , Thierry Chopin (EHESS, Sciences Po) and Corinne Deloy (Secretary General Foundation for Political Innovation) suggest a number of proposals to strengthen the political space at the European level. Such proposals are useful in the formation of a true European political life, are welcome at a time when the EU has never been so unpopular, even though it has never been greater. We can discuss long time Europe's priorities: widening, deepening, simplification of decision-making ... but we evaded more the existential problem of Europe: its sovereignty .

Indeed, the European position is untenable: it has no sovereignty as she is and acts as a global player on the international scene and in negotiations multilateral. It is now clear that Europe has been built since 1951 is primarily a European law, a legal structure and ultimately very little political in the sense that it does not really have a policy to across Europe. And if there is not enough politics, because the democratization of the EU is largely unfinished.

If there is no real European political life, the sense of a unified European space policy, yet there European political trends. That is to say that the conduct of national political fall mostly in a broader political trend, across the continent. The current period in exemplary emerges clearly marked on the two trends across Europe: the dynamics of the center-right, and the rout of the Social Democrats.
For several years, the right dominates the political landscape of Europe and this situation has been affirmed in 2009-2010. The right is in power in 11 EU Member States, including Germany, France, Italy, and in recent weeks the British right is back to 10 Downing Street. In countries like Portugal, Austria, Bulgaria, Hungary, governed by the left, the right won the 2009 European elections.
The corollary is that the economic crisis has not benefited the Social Democrats, on the contrary. In Spain, the Zapatero government has never been so troubled. The British Labour, long symbols of the European left, just left the office. European elections of 2009, leftist parties won only 29.2% of the votes throughout Europe, their lowest score since 1979.
There actually rather few national characteristics in the relations of political forces in Europe . Despite the current political climate conducive to right the balance of power at European level is fairly stable - as shown by the distribution of seats in Parliament.

Yet despite these trends hemispheric policy, a European political life is not seen. Now more and more issues are European, and national electoral systems are not necessarily best suited for debate and provide answers. Above all, it is urgent and necessary to have a requirement democratization of the European Union : a European political space can not be satisfied with a functional legitimacy but will be supported on the popular vote.

The first proposal of Thierry Chopin and Corinne Deloy is developing a uniform voting system in all member states to the European Parliament elections . Today, there are as many voting systems that are Member States, yet as the authors point out, " a single electoral system for a single Assembly is the first premise of a democratic regime . An electoral system identical from one country to another would almost mechanical effect of enhancing the representativeness of the European Parliament, to build majorities and policies to foster the emergence of transnational parties.

is the issue of the second proposal: accelerate the development of real European political parties . The goal is to create a European political staff more easily identifiable by citizens, and profiles more "European" with a new generation of politicians multilingual and competent enough on European issues to attract media attention.

For example, the European People's Party (EPP, right) and the Party of European Socialists (PES, left) can not simply be just the combination of MPs in Parliament, but many political parties with a program, leaders, organization members and activists, with national chapters in each Member State. Currently, the divisions between the EPP and PES are unclear because both parties often have to deal with each other movements against the Eurosceptics or Europhobes Parliament so it is necessary to highlight and promote divisions within the Parliament European, to rekindle interest citizens in these elections. It is actually to develop a political offer without which the legitimacy of the institutions of the European Union, increasingly apolitical, will only erode over time.

The third proposal is to "push further politicization of European issues . European issues - the EU budget, political climate, direction of international policy issues of enlargement, the institutions - must be identified, publicized, with the resulting partisan choices for parties as for voters. However, European policy, very little "Clive", suffer from a lack of democratic protest in that there never really had an alternation that allows to change a European policy for another.

Europe suffers both from a democratic deficit and lack of policy. Establish a European political landscape thus meets the need for such urgency. Building a European sovereignty in international relations is first to strengthen the democratic legitimacy of the European Union.

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Three European chess

In its overwhelming majority, the European press and in particular welcomes the French reaction to the European Union over the crisis in Greece and its plan of 750 billion euro to stabilize financial markets and save the single currency .

We admit the success economically. But politically it is quite different, because we can equally consider that the monetary difficulties of the euro area have pointed out, more acutely than ever the political impasse is now Europe . We propose to retain the "European disease" three recent symptoms: the example of Ukraine, the German example, the British example. These failures are even more significant for Europe than they inflicted on him by the popular vote.

The first of these failures has played in Ukraine in February, during the presidential election which saw the victory of Viktor Yanukovych, the pro-Russian and Euro-skeptic, near the Kremlin and Vladimir Putin in particular, on Yulia Tymoshenko - the former muse of the "Orange Revolution " pro-European. All is in fact: since 2004, the press, politicians, media and especially the academic literature across Europe had made the Orange Revolution of 2004 the symbol of the efficiency of European soft power, the attractiveness of EU, a new kind of power adapted to the stage of international century. On this blog in October 2009 there was reference in these terms: " the Orange Revolution in Ukraine in December 2004, supported by the EU, saw protesters demand a European future .
6 years later, the reverse is more painful that hope had been carrying. It's the same actor anti-European, Victor Yanukovich, who becomes president after being removed from power. The outgoing president, Victor Yushchenko, who wanted to open his country to the west and exit the Russian fold, has not passed the first ballot because of its slide into corruption. This shows the immense disappointment of Ukrainians who, by their votes, make return of Ukraine into the Russian sphere of influence. This was followed some months later, an incredible fight scene in the Ukrainian Parliament between pro-European MPs and pro-Moscow by a vote endorsing the extension of the presence of the Russian Black Sea fleet. The observation is this: to the east, Europe is no longer a dream .

the West, the United Kingdom, Europe missed an opportunity. While for the first time in this electoral system was strictly bipartisan organized a series of televised debates, the Liberal Democrat candidate Nick Clegg has exploded between the Conservative and Labour David Cameron Gordon Brown, and triggered an unprecedented electoral dynamic in this country since it involved a politician Europhile, profile very European (former MEP, former EU Commissioner, speaking several languages, and the story married to English) - an anomaly in Her Majesty. He even went so far as to suggest abandoning the pound sterling for the euro it is the first British politician to have so clearly put on the table. A week later, the € uro markets tumbled.

In other words, the monetary difficulties of Europe were partly sealed the Liberal Democrat campaign and ruined the chances of Nick Clegg come into force in government. While it is now deputy prime minister - a first - having collected more votes than ever for a Liberal Democrat kingmaker in the House of Commons, which is essential to any majority, it is unable to influence the line very Eurosceptic of the new Prime Minister David Cameron, the most europhobic since Margaret Thatcher. In 2005, Cameron had brought out the British Conservative European People's Party, which includes various right-wing parties in Parliament, to join a group dominated by Czechs and Poles Europhobes. The appointment of William Hague, former near Thatcher, a of the most Eurosceptic of the British political class, is very revealing.

Finally, the blow received by election "Europa Frau," as he called him a few months ago the U.S. magazine Time is equally worrying for Europe. Angela Merkel was delayed as she could to help Greece, listening to his electoral base tires that Germany is the European nation to lend his efforts and make more concessions to the European level, to be one who receives the least. In short, Germany seemed to enjoy the refusal Chancellor to attend a European solidarity to save the " Teuro (the € uro that is so expensive - teuer - and which we had to sacrifice the deutsche mark, the best currency for German History ). After protracted, it had aligned with the position of its European partners in terms of $ 750 billion. That German voters have punished that day, the shift European Merkel. Losing the Land of North Rhine-Westphalia, the CDU, Merkel is no longer required majority in the Bundesrat - the German equivalent of the Senate. That which was regarded for years as the first political leader of Europe today is very weak politically. This is not good news for European political leadership, she assured de facto for some years. Above all, the vote is indicative of the Rhineland European disenchantment with democracy: Europe is no longer regarded by the Germans in political terms (Germany is by far the country most Europhile, voting en masse to the European elections) but strictly accounting.

The European project has always not win popular support , and this is especially visible for the current monetary difficulties. Further deepening institutional democratization of the EU, the cessation of enlargement, it will be featured on this blog in the coming days the proposals Thierry Chopin and Corinne Deloy to constitute a genuine European political life, as track to solve this' democratic European disease.